2002 Proceedings of the 19th ISARC, Washington, USA
Uwe Rueppel
Pages 3-7
Abstract: This paper presents a new approach with software agents to support
the task of preventive fire protection engineering. Agents are stationary or mobile
software components to support the user in his planning tasks according to their
specific design. Agents can act autonomously within their environment, which
means that they can solve problems without the ...
Keywords: Collaboration platform; fire protection engineering; informatio
technology; software agents
C. Eastman, R. Sacks, G. Lee
Pages 9-14
Abstract: We explore the reasons why advanced information technology applications
have not been adopted by the AEC industry. Within the industry, however, some sectors
have made significant moves toward adoption of advanced IT. By examining these areas of
success, we propose a framework for the incremental conversion of the AEC industry to
fully incorporate advanced ...
Keywords: knowledge-based applications, building models, information technology innovation,
construction automation
K. Reed
Pages 15-20
Abstract: The second release of the CIMsteel Integration Standards (CIS/2) has
been endorsed by the American Institute of Steel Construction as the standard for the
electronic exchange of structural steel project information for the North American steel
design and construction industry. Derived from the deliverables and experiences of the
Pan-European Eureka CIMsteel Project and published ...
Keywords: automated construction, integration, product data model, project
delivery, structural steelwork
S. Nuntasunti, L. Bernold
Pages 21-26
Abstract: The use of project website and web cam technology in the construction
industry is limited to providing basic information about the project and 24/7 pictures of
the site. This paper discusses the promises of a site-based website that serves as the
central hub for real-time communication, monitoring, and control in building
construction. Such a ...
Keywords: collaboration; productivity; Internet; logistics; value; website;
equipment; safety
Y. Shiau, M. Wang, T. Tsai, W. Wang
Pages 27-32
Abstract: Building market has been shortened for last few years and tremendously affected
the construction profit in Taiwan. In order to survive in such abominable environment,
people have put many efforts on construction methodology, materials, budget
planning, and strategy alliance. However, to properly enhance the construction management
is the key issue to raise company?s competition. ...
Keywords: Construction Management, Cost Control, Delphi, Object Oriented
Y. Shiau, T. Tsai, W. Wang, M. Huang
Pages 35-40
Abstract: The construction scale is growing rapidly; therefore, to subcontract is a common
style in Taiwan?s construction industry. Selecting appropriate subcontractors is a key to assure
the success of a construction project. With different environment, construction project
usually invoke complex attributes. We need a good tool to help engineers to pick the best
selections during ...
Keywords: AHP, Bid, Procurement, Quotation, Subcontractor Selection System
W. Lin
Pages 41-46
Abstract: During the construction phase, participants in a multi-contract project acquire external
real-time scheduling information from other involved parties and use this to make appropriate
decisions in regard to project control. There are two major obstacles to project participants gaining
efficient access to external information in a distributed data environment: (1) the variety of ...
Keywords: Internet; WWW; Project Management; Intelligent Agent; Information Integration
P. Lin
Pages 47-53
Abstract: From the observation of organization changes in digital economy, the
features of organization expansion from its concentrated kernel to the globalized ecommerce
scope is identified to rebuild the relationships and connections between
the whole subcontracting supply chain for construction projects. An automated
subcontracting selection model is proposed and the final decision-making for
selection will be ...
Keywords: utility theory, e-commerce, subcontract, decision-making
R. Lipman
Pages 53-58
Abstract: Until recently, visualization of 3D models required computational
resources available only on desktop computers in office environments. With the
advance of technology, it is now possible to visualize substantial 3D models on mobile
handheld computers in the field. This paper discusses some of the current technology,
discusses the use of the Virtual Reality Modeling ...
Keywords: construction; handheld computer; visualization; VRML
D. Latimer, C. Hendrickson
Pages 59-64
Abstract: The Digital Library Initiative (DLI) concerns itself
with the automatic creation, organization, and
indexing of complex collections of data. With its
own wealth of data types, the construction industry
pushes the boundaries of the current technologies,
especially with regards to automatic archival of
construction project information. Many issues unique
to the construction projects, such as data provenance
and ...
Keywords: Digital library, document management, project
document archival
D. Castro-Lacouture, M. Skibniewski
Pages 65-71
Abstract: The initiative of implementing Internet-based solutions for the integration of the supply chain of materials
will not succeed if there is not assurance of collaboration and communication among the parties in the construction
business. Neither EDI nor web-based supply chain applications can facilitate both the process integration and flexibility
required by the construction ...
Keywords: E-work, materials management, protocols, agents
C. Kam, M. Fischer, R. Hanninen, S. Lehto, J. Laitinen
Pages 73-79
Abstract: This paper presents the findings from the design and construction
of the Helsinki University of Technology Auditorium Hall 600 (HUT-600) in
Finland. Running simultaneously with the construction project, an international
research partnership extensively documented and analyzed the use of product
modeling and interoperability standards for information exchange. The project
team improved design cycle times and ...
Keywords: Life-Cycle Analysis, Pilot Project, Product Model
M. Park
Pages 81-89
Abstract: Uncertainties make construction dynamic and unstable, mostly by creating
non value-adding change iterations among construction processes. Particularly, when a
project is fast-tracked without proper planning, those change iterations can cause the
disruption of the construction process. For this reason, to effectively handle fast-tracking
change iterations involved in fast-tracking need to be identified, and the ...
Keywords: Change, Fast-tracking, Feedback, Rework, Simulation, System Dynamics
V. Padron, O. Cardenas, R. Diez, M. Abderrahim, C. Balaguer
Pages 91-97
Abstract: High quality modular construction is one of the solutions for the fast growing
need for affordable high quality housing in Europe, which can not be solved by conventional
building technology. The software environment for automatic modular construction
AUTMOD3 has been developed, by University Carlos III de Madrid, in the frame of the
European Union ...
Keywords: Automatic modular construction, CAD/CAM Integration, CIC, Robotics
W. Wang
Pages 97-102
Abstract: Project cost becomes increasingly variable if many cost items for a
construction project are correlated, and this can increase the uncertainty of
completing a project within a target budget. This work presents a factor-based
computer simulation model for evaluating project costs given correlations among
cost items. Uncertainty in the total cost distribution of an ...
Keywords: Computer Simulation; Cost Estimating; Risk Factor; Uncertainty
A. Bulgakow, A. Drownikow, V. Perschin
Pages 103-108
Abstract: In the article on the basis of similarity functioning the technique of getting and
using the criteria of taking decisions at technical operation control, modernization and
replacement of the elements of building machinery in conditions of the construction plant is
Considered.
Keywords: similarity, functioning, criteria, technical operation, and modernization
H. Choo, I. Tommelein
Pages 109-117
Abstract: This paper describes a computing environment, called WorkMovePlan, that
supports the exchange of data pertaining to resources shared between multiple
production units and between multiple projects. It presents issues related to the
generation and management of this data exchange and the development of a
distributed, multi-project scheduling system that is deployed in industry practice.
Keywords: Planning; Scheduling; Distributed Scheduling; Multi-project Scheduling; Database; Synchronization; WorkMovePlan
J. O'Connor, L. Yang
Pages 117-122
Abstract: An industry-wide survey was used to collect project data from more than
200 capital facility projects on the issue of technology usage at the work function (WF)
level and overall project success. Findings pertaining to associations between project
success and technology usage at the work function level are discussed. The project success
variables analyzed ...
Keywords: cost success, schedule success; technology usage; work function; work
function characteristics
A. Caballero, S. Ahmed, S. Azhar, M. Barcala
Pages 123-128
Abstract: Construction is generally believed to be a fragmented industry and increased
integration and coordination among different processes and parties is considered by many
experts as one of the ways that can resolve most of the problems created by fragmentation.
Process inefficiency and a lack of effective quality control in the products of construction ...
Keywords: Construction, Information Technology, Coordination, Integration, Modeling
S. Azhar, S. Ahmed, A. Caballero
Pages 129-134
Abstract: Today, most of the construction companies are using computer-aided softwares for cost estimation and
cost control. The cost estimation is done before the construction begins while the cost control is
performed during the construction period. The organization which controls the cost could be different
from the organization which prepares the cost estimate. Moreover, ...
Keywords: Cost Estimation; Cost Control; Cost Integration; Cost Engineering; Construction Softwares, Data
Modeling
K. El-Rayes, K. Hyari
Pages 135-140
Abstract: Nighttime construction lighting is reported to be a crucial factor affecting quality, safety, cost and
productivity of nighttime construction projects. This paper presents an automated decision support system (DSS) for
lighting design in highway nighttime construction projects. The DSS is designed to optimize four major objectives:
(1) maximizing average illuminance; (2) maximizing lighting ...
Keywords: highway construction; lighting; nighttime construction; optimization
G. Maas, B. van Eekelen
Pages 143-148
Abstract: De Bolder (?The Bollard?) is a 42.5 metre-high building with a circular cross-section of 30 metres and
a weight of 25,000 KN. It was built in an industrial plant, transported a considerable distance across
water, subsequently put ashore and placed on a foundation.
This study focuses on the differences in construction methods and ...
Keywords: Building systems, industrialised construction, integrated product and process design, transport of building
A. Hassanein, O. Moselhi
Pages 149-154
Abstract: This paper briefly describes a model, designed to automate data acquisition and
analysis for planning and scheduling highway construction projects. The paper briefly describes
the proposed model, and focuses primarily on its automation aspects. Geographic information
systems is employed to analyze spatial data and estimate cut and fill quantities. The model also
stores activities ...
Keywords: automation; earthmoving; geographic information systems; highway planning
F. Peyret, R. Tasky
Pages 155-160
Abstract: This paper begins by
introducing the developmental work carried
out within the scope of the OSYRIS project, in
the aim of proposing a new IT infrastructure
for road-building sites and by drawing
attention to the need for an electronic
connection between paving operations and the
asphalt mixing plant. The set of system
specifications required to satisfy this
connection is ...
Keywords: information and communication technologies, asphalt fabrication and laying, tracability, electronic
tagging, GPS, quality control
R. Sacks, R. Navon, A. Shapira, I. Brodetsky
Pages 161-166
Abstract: The ability of company managers to respond to variations in performance in construction projects
is severely limited by the time delay common in existing information and control systems in reporting schedule,
budget and quality deviations from plan. We propose a system for interpreting data acquired automatically by
monitoring the activity of major construction ...
Keywords: Automation; Construction equipment; Information technology; Monitoring; Project performance control
F. van Gassel
Pages 167-173
Abstract: The Dutch government encourages innovative construction by subsidizing cohesive industrial,
flexible and demountable building (IFD) pilot projects. Industrial building concerns the process-related aspects
of production, robotization, mechanization, automation, prefabrication, communication, etc. Flexible building
involves products that are made in accordance with customer?s wishes and the possibility to make adjustments
when the building is in ...
Keywords: Building Site, Building System, Industrial Construction , Multidisciplinary Design
R. Wing, B. Atkin
Pages 173-179
Abstract: The manufactured housing project FutureHome, which received major funding from the
European Commission, has developed the engineering know-how to create affordable, high quality, cost
effective manufactured housing, with a customer focus that takes account of diversity of styles, designs,
materials and locations. The provision of housing to an acceptable standard is becoming an ...
Keywords: housing; manufacture; construction; automation; process
H. Nguyen, A. Oloufa
Pages 179-184
Abstract: While current CAD (Computer-Aided Design) systems provide a variety of data
representation schemes (e.g. wire-frames, surface, and solid modeling) and data exchange
protocols, they fail to address automation issues in retrieval of building information to be used
in different AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) applications. In these CAD
systems, topological information (also known as ...
Keywords: Computer-Aided Design, Topological Information, Automated Building Design
Systems, Solid Modeling
L. Chang, L. Zhang
Pages 185-190
Abstract: The performance of engineering activities has significant impacts on the successfulness of
implementing industrial construction projects. Improving engineering performance can lead to
better project outcomes. Previous studies on engineering performance improvement have either
focused on the use of certain techniques or products, or looked at specific engineering processes
or areas. There has been a ...
Keywords: engineering performance, genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks
P. Dunston, X. Wang, M. Billinghurst, B. Hampson
Pages 191-196
Abstract: Design visualization is key to the communication and shared perception of designs
and is essential for meaningful design development and collaborations. The initial development of
an Augmented Reality Computer Aided Drawing (AR CAD) system for enhancing visualization of
models created in standard CAD was presented at the 17th ISARC. AR CAD features a ...
Keywords: 3D CAD; Augmented Reality; Mixed Reality; spatial cognition; visualization;
Virtual Reality
M. Hewitt, J. Gambatese
Pages 197-203
Abstract: Automation as pertaining to the construction industry is the use of mechanical and electronic means to
achieve automatic operation or control to reduce potential exposure, time, or effort while maintaining or
improving quality. Contractors utilize automated technologies on projects as a means of saving cost,
reducing project durations, improving quality and consistency, and ...
Keywords: automation, design, construction, constructability, equipment, robotics
R. Bostelman, W. Shackleford, F. Proctor, J. Albus, A. Lytle
Pages 205-210
Abstract: NIST is working directly with industry to improve repair and conversion operations of
ships in dry dock. This work allows transfer of technology to construction and other industries requiring
worker-access to large, external surfaces with minimum footprint and maximum system rigidity and
control, while augmenting conventional suspended-scaffold systems and moving toward more
autonomous large-scale ...
Keywords: worker access, ship repair, construction, robotics, cable controlled, large-scale
Manufacturing
A. Bartnicki, F. Kuczmarski, T. Przychodzien, A. Typiak, J. Wrona
Pages 211-216
Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of various natural and civilization disasters being angled as
possibilities of usage of the remote control or autonomous machines. There are determined the
requirements for such a systems of theses vehicles or machines which are able to remove effects of natural
disasters and local military conflicts or terrorist ...
Keywords: Remote control, vision systems, machines, disasters
L. Bernold, B. Li
Pages 217-223
Abstract: The labor intensive construction industry has a very high accident rate. One of
the key reasons for this is the exposure of workers to a hazardous environment such as
heights, confined narrow spaces, and exposure to health threatening fumes, dust, and
noise. Tele-robotic operation, which allows an operator to control a mechanical tool
from ...
Keywords: tele-robotics, safety, trenching, remote control, pipe-laying, trench collapse
C. Lemaire, P. Vandanjon, M. Gautier, F. Peyret
Pages 223-228
Abstract: Motion planning is a necessary step before automation in road construction.
This paper deals with motion planning for compactors. The compactor is
an articulated frame steering vehicle used in road construction. Generally, motion
planning uses the kinematic model of the robot. In the case of the compactor, this
model is far away from reality ...
Keywords: Compactor, Mobile robots, Motion planning, Dynamic model
T. Bock, A. Bulgalow, S. Ashida
Pages 229-233
Abstract: Considering all available basic conditions, a semiautomatic cleaning version can be best
implemented under technical, organizational and economic constraints. All cleaning processes are
executed by means of a service robot. The robot is controlled by just one operator. The cleaning quality
of surface remains constantly excellent and the cleaning efficiency increases significantly.
Keywords: Cleaning Robot, Façade cleaning, Semiautomatic, Vacuum suction, Nacelle traveling,
Skyscraper
D. Atsuhiro, H. Koji, K. Tomoya, S. Takashi
Pages 235-241
Abstract: The authors have developed an automated delivery system for finishing building
materials with the aim of reducing delivery costs and improving efficiency. This system is
composed of two kinds of automated equipment, and managed by a delivery scheduling
system via the Internet. It has been applied to the construction of a high-rise building ...
Keywords: Automation; Delivery Schedule; Finishing Work; High-rise Building; Internet
Y. Ban
Pages 241-246
Abstract: This report analyzes past unmanned construction system done at the
Unzen-fugendake and Usuzan volcanoes to organize the present status of
unmanned construction systtem from varied perspectives, describes challenges and
countermeasures, and introduces future prospects.
Unmanned construction systtem have been done to perform emergency
countermeasure work and restoration work at disaster sites. Remaining challenges
include development of ...
Keywords: Unmanned construction, remote operation, hillside reforestation,
traveling crane, rough terrain crane
A. Lytle, K. Saidi, W. Stone, J. Gross
Pages 247-253
Abstract: The Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, in cooperation with the American Institute of Steel
Construction, sponsored a workshop on automated steel construction. The purpose
of the workshop was to investigate the development of new technologies to
facilitate automating the steel construction process. Desired outcomes included a
clear ...
Keywords: construction automation, automated steel erection
Y. Cho, C. Haas, S. Sreenivasan, K. Liapi
Pages 255-262
Abstract: This paper introduces the statistical error modeling approach for a computercontrolled
large-scale manipulator (LSM). The LSM is sufficiently representative of several types of
construction equipment to be able to serve as a general test bed. In the analysis, three factors which
are measurable in real time: distance, hydraulic pressure, and payload, were varied ...
Keywords: automation; kinematics; manipulator; position error; regression analysis
A. Lytle, K. Saidi, W. Stone
Pages 263-268
Abstract: The NIST Construction Metrology and Automation Group, in cooperation with
the NIST Intelligent Systems Division, is researching robotic structural steel placement as part of
a project to develop an Automated Steel Construction Testbed. This project was initiated in
response to industry requests for advanced tools and methodologies to speed the erection of steel
structures ...
Keywords: construction automation, path planning, robotics, VRML, 3-D coordinate
measurement systems
T. Bock, D. Parshin, T. Souetina, A. Boulgakov
Pages 269-273
Abstract: Construction is of great interest for using of woodprocessing robotics. The structure,
kinematic and dynamic models of robots for material location and spacing as well as
woodprocessing have been considered in the paper. Taking into account specific features and
dynamic characteristics of robot, the recommendations on movements planning and forming
laws of control have ...
Keywords: Motion control; robot kinematics; wood processing
R. Chapman
Pages 275-280
Abstract: This paper presents a critical analysis of the economic impacts of past, ongoing, and planned
research of BFRL?s construction systems integration and automation technologies (CONSIAT) program.
The CONSIAT program is an interdisciplinary research effort within BFRL to develop key enabling
technologies, standard communication protocols, and advanced measurement technologies needed to
facilitate the delivery of ...
Keywords: Building economics; commercial buildings; construction; impact evaluation; industrial
Facilities
P. Goodrum, M. Gangwar
Pages 281-286
Abstract: A shortage of skilled labor exists in the construction industry. Fortunately, advancement in construction
equipment and material technologies, along with modularized components and estimating and scheduling
strategies have offset the shortage of skilled construction labor. The construction industry has witnessed a
drop in real wages since 1970. Decline in real wages may be ...
Keywords: Construction; labor; equipment technology; wages; computer
S. Staub-French, M. Fischer
Pages 287-292
Abstract: Understanding how the building design influences construction costs is a challenging task for
estimators. Estimators must recognize the design conditions that affect construction costs and
customize the cost estimate accordingly. Estimators have different preferences for how and when to
adjust a project?s activities, resources, and resource productivity rates that form the basis of ...
Keywords: Cost Estimating; Information Technology; Construction; Product Features
R. Akbas, M. Fischer
Pages 293-299
Abstract: Construction zones are geometric units of work in the construction planning process. Using construction
parameters and geometric properties, construction zone generation mechanisms change the level of detail of the 3D
geometry and corresponding activities of the planned project. We have defined and implemented a set of
mechanisms for construction zone generation. Decomposition provides ...
Keywords: construction planning; geometric algorithms; construction zones; line-of-balance techniques
A. Hanser
Pages 299-302
Abstract: Flexible extension walls - watched on a long-term-use - have lower costs and are
more economical and especially more variable compared to convenient post-and- beamstructures.
Because room requirements ? mainly in office and administration building ?
change faster and faster, an extensive potential on future markets for these technologies exists
Keywords: Flexibility, Economic Efficiency, Non-supporting removable wall-unity, Media and
electric wiring, Put-and-slide-technology, Relocate systems, Cost, Different Elements
F. Peyret
Pages 305-311
Abstract: The work described in this paper
is the follow-up of the first analysis presented
in the previous ISARC on the same theme. The
paper start by recalling the background with is
the ISO TC-127 WG2 standardization initiative.
Then he applies a basic logical model of site
information system for civil-engineering sites to
various existing or under development ...
Keywords: standardization, site information
systems, civil-engineering, computer integrated
construction, data flows
T. Umetani, T. Arai, Y. Mae, K. Inoue, J. Maeda
Pages 311-316
Abstract: This paper proposes a method of configuration of database system for parts oriented
construction. In parts oriented construction, robots acquire information related to the tasks from the
server through ID attached to the construction components. This system aims (1) simplification in motion
planning of the construction robots using information attached to components, (2) ...
Keywords: Automatic Construction, Information Integrated Components, Data Collection System
and Labeling, Automatic Reconfiguration of Parts Information, RFID Tags
I. Wu, S. Hsieh
Pages 317-321
Abstract: To facilitate information standardization and sharing in Construction Industry,
this paper presents a simple but effective approach that maps the UML (Unified Modeling
Language) object-oriented information model related to a construction project to an XML
schema, then to a Relational DataBase (RDB) schema. First of all, the mapping between
UML model and XML schema ...
Keywords: UML, XML Schema, RDB, Information Standardization and Sharing
J. Reinhardt, B. Akinci, J. Garrett
Pages 323-328
Abstract: Mobile computing devices have started to become useful tools on construction sites. These
devices can make large amounts of data available and support data collection tasks on a
construction site. Even though battery life, computing power and data storage capacity have
greatly improved and will probably not be limiting factors for mobile computing ...
Keywords: Construction, Human Computer Interaction, Mobile Computing, Navigation
through Complex Data Structures, Product and Process Models
P. Chen, L. Chang
Pages 331-336
Abstract: Digital image processing has been prevalently adopted in different areas. In the
construction field, image processing has been used for defect detection on steel bridge painting and
underground sewer systems. However, non-uniformly illuminated images always cause recognition
problems and affect the accuracy. In order to resolve these problems, the neuro-fuzzy recognition
approach (NFRA) was ...
Keywords: Fuzzy Adjustment; Multi-Resolution Pattern Classification (MPC); Neural Networks;
Neuro-Fuzzy Recognition Approach (NFRA)
N. Shih
Pages 337-342
Abstract: This study offers a method for creating a representation of an on-going
construction site by using a geometric approach. The representation includes the definition
of 3D data between the design and construction stages. A method is proposed for using a
3D long-range laser scanner to retrieve information on site occurrences, in order to ...
Keywords: 3D scanner, construction
D. Seward, S. Quayle, K. Zied, C. Pace
Pages 343-348
Abstract: Two applications for the use of a laser-scanning device are currently
under investigation at Lancaster University. Lancaster University Computerised
Intelligent Excavator (LUCIE) is an autonomous excavator which navigates using
GPS and compass readings. Work is currently concentrating on navigational safety,
for which the rotoscan sensor is employed for obstacle detection, and for possible
self-localisation and ...
Keywords: collision detection; navigation; robotics; sensors; surface estimation
C. Witzgall, G. Cheok
Pages 349-356
Abstract: The development of LADAR (laser distance and ranging) technology to acquire 3D
spatial data made it possible to create 3D models of complex objects. Because an unobstructed
line-of-sight is required to capture a point on an object, an individual LADAR scan may acquire
only a partial 3D image, and several scans from different ...
Keywords: LADAR; measures-of-fit; point cloud; registration; TIN; triangular mesh
S. Kwon, K. Liapi, C. Haas, S. Sreenivasan, J. McLaughlin
Pages 357-362
Abstract: In large-scale construction sites there are constant needs for rapid
recognition and accurate measurement of objects so that on-site decisions can be
made quickly and safely. Current methods involve full area laser range scanning
systems that can produce very detailed models of a scanned scene, however the
computational and data acquisition time that is ...
Keywords: construction automation; laser range finder; least squares method; object fitting; object matching; workspace modeling
D. Gilsinn, G. Cheok, D. O'Leary
Pages 363-368
Abstract: This paper discusses a general approach to reconstructing ground truth intensity
images of bar codes that have been distorted by LADAR optics. The first part of this paper
describes the experimental data collection of several bar code images along with experimental
estimates of the LADAR beam size and configuration at various distances from ...
Keywords: bar codes, deconvolution, image processing, LADAR, object recognition, sparse matrix
H. Kim, C. Haas, A. Rauch
Pages 369-374
Abstract: This paper discusses a quality control method, based on artificial
neural networks, that enables a plant operator to quickly detect property variations
during the production of stone aggregates. The group texture concept in digital
image analyses, two-dimensional wavelet transforms, and artificial neural networks
are reviewed first. An artificial intelligence based aggregate classification system is
then ...
Keywords: aggregate, artificial neural networks, group texture, laser profiling,
wavelet transforms
A. Jain, D. Greve, J. Oppenheim
Pages 375-381
Abstract: Metal structures can fail because of fatigue crack propagation or because of section loss from corrosion.
Regular inspection is required to intercept such failures, and in situ sensors would be a superior
technology for that purpose. We have designed and fabricated arrays of MEMS capacitive diaphragm
transducers and we report on their performance ...
Keywords: Diaphragm; flaw detection; MEMS; phased array; ultrasonics
B. Akinci, M. Patton, E. Ergen
Pages 381-387
Abstract: Precast concrete material suppliers are responsible for the components that they
manufacture from casting until up to 25 years after installation. To effectively manage the
production and storage at a the production facility, to streamline the construction process and to
quickly repair a component should there be a problem, information about components must ...
Keywords: RFID; precast concrete; construction; material management
N. Attoh-Okine, S. Mensah
Pages 387-393
Abstract: Although the universal definition of MEMS product possesses a number of distinctive features, they are
miniature systems involving one or more micro-mechanical components or structure. Infrastructure
assessment has recently addressed an important field for MEMS application. For example, satisfactory
laboratory experiment in the area of concrete monitoring has been developed. Although the experiment ...
Keywords: devices, evaluation, microelectromechanical, monitoring, non-destructive, pavement, system
W. Stone, M. Juberts
Pages 393-400
Abstract: The NIST Construction Metrology and Automation Group (CMAG), in cooperation
with the NIST Intelligent Systems Division (ISD), is developing performance metrics and
researching issues related to the design and development of a "Next Generation LADAR" sensor
that will enable general automation in structured and unstructured environments. This paper
quickly reviews the basic physics and ...
Keywords: AM-modulation, construction automation, FM-modulation, laser radar, multiple
returns, phantom points, pulse time-of-flight, range image sensors
J. Jurasz, K. Kley
Pages 403-408
Abstract: As of today, the DGPS-based Computer Integrated Road Construction
systems for compaction support require high investments (about 50% of total
machine cost), mostly due to the high cost of the positioning equipment. Worksite
tests show that the majority of the compaction errors are serious omissions of the
compaction plan. The article discusses the accuracy ...
Keywords: compactor pass map; computer integrated road construction; low
cost DGPS; positioning; unscented Kalman filter
J. Jurasz, A. Ligier, A. Horn, J. Wendebaum
Pages 409-414
Abstract: A flexible on-board data management structure for a construction
machine and interfaces between its elements are discussed. The solution, which
grants the required flexibility and enables advanced, distributed functions is discussed
on the example of the road paving process.
Keywords: CANopen; digital work documentation; computer integrated road
construction; road product model; site information systems; OPC; XML
M. Ali, N. Babu, K. Varghese
Pages 415-425
Abstract: This paper presents a new path planning approach using
Coevolutionary genetic algorithm (CGA) for automating the path planning of two
Cooperative construction manipulators. A methodology based on the concept of
configuration space (C-space) technique in conjunction with the Coevolutionary
genetic search is used for generating the path. The paper proposes a method for
finding the ...
Keywords: Cooperative manipulators, Path planning, Coevolutionary genetic
Algorithm
R. Navon, Y. Shpatnisky, E. Goldschmidt
Pages 425-429
Abstract: A survey of current practices revealed that very little control is
normally done in earthmoving management. A model to control road construction
projects was developed. The model is based on the concept of automatically
measuring performance, by measuring locations at regular time intervals, and
converting them into controlled parameters. According to this concept, control
algorithms ...
Keywords: Automated Data Collection; Benchmarking; Control;
Earthmoving; GPS; Monitoring; Road Construction
F. Malaguti, S. Zaghi
Pages 431-436
Abstract: Force feedback sensors are useful for the planning of robotic digging
trajectories. In particular, when combined with force-control algorithms it becomes
possible to sense buried objects and to determine the weight of excavated materials. The
proposed force sensor system makes use of hydraulic cylinder pressure and thereby
measures machine force indirectly. Successful implementation of ...
Keywords: digging robot, force sensor, identification, inertial parameters
T. Awata, K. Yoshida, H. Hino
Pages 437-442
Abstract: To realize the all NO-DIG (trenchless method) operation of conduit installation,
NTT developed the microtunneling method ?ACEMOLE? allowing long-distance and
curved installations and promoted use of this method. NO-DIG method is not widespread in
construction works because its construction cost is not economically compared with opencut
method. We developed new ACEMOLE to solve these ...
Keywords: NO-DIG(trenchless method), microtunneling robot, fiber optic gyroscope,
directional control, Kalman filter
H. Hirashita, T. Arai, T. Yoshida
Pages 443-448
Abstract: In cold and snowy parts of Japan, most snow is removed from roads by
mechanical snow removers, and to deal with roadside conditions and guarantee safe
operation, these machines are normally operated by two people: an operator and an
assistant.
Work is in progress to develop automatic steering systems for snow removers in order ...
Keywords: Rotary snow remover, automatic steering, ITS, lane marker, GIS, GPS
V. Gradetsky, M. Rachkov, M. Pushkin
Pages 449-454
Abstract: The paper describes an advanced control technique that uses a self-adjusting
controller. The technique allows changing control parameters of the manipulator according
to different technological forces and disturbances acting to the end-effector of the
manipulator while performing surface treatment construction operations such as cleaning
and polishing. The system is asymptotically stable for the phase ...
Keywords: adaptive control; construction manipulator, parametrical error; reference
model; self-adjusting controller
N. Mure, J. Scott, D. Seward, S. Quayle, C. Clayton, M. Rust
Pages 455-460
Abstract: Continuous flight auger (CFA) piles are constructed by drilling a CFA auger into
the ground and, on reaching the required depth, pumping concrete down the hollow
stem as the auger is steadily withdrawn. Current practice to predict the bearing
capacity of CFA piles is to estimate the undrained shear strength-depth relationship
for the overall ...
Keywords: data logging; instrumentation; pile foundations; process
Optimisation
A. Oloufa, M. Ikeda, H. Oda
Pages 461-466
Abstract: This paper reports on research related to avoiding collisions in construction sites
using differential GPS technology. In this project, the researchers developed and
implemented a system where GPS technology was used in tracking a single vehicle and
relaying its information to a central server. Using another simulated vehicle, the server
evaluated collision scenarios and ...
Keywords: GPS, collision detection, construction, robotics, automation
K. Furlani, D. Latimer, D. Gilsinn, A. Lytle
Pages 467-473
Abstract: This paper discusses the prototype implementation of a system developed by researchers
at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the transfer of real-time on-site
metrology and metrology-based data for tracking steel frame construction. The purpose of the
implementation is to demonstrate the feasibility of automatically transferring information from the
construction site ...
Keywords: construction automation, 3-D coordinate measurement systems, project information
management systems, communication protocols, coordinate frame transforms, position and orientation
determination, steel tracking
R. Heikkila, M. Jaakkola
Pages 475-480
Abstract: The paper reports on the research work in the domain of automated road
construction. A new method and prototype of automated road grader has been developed in
Finland. The working experiments show measurable influence and quality as well as
economic profit to be achieved by the new technology.
Keywords: accuracy, automated construction, construction economics, design-build,
economic efficiency, road grader, 3-D machine control
E. Budny, M. Chlosta, W. Gutkowski
Pages 483-490
Abstract: Recently, there is an increasing interest in controlled excavation processes. However, the main attention,
in research works, is paid to the bucket motion. This part of the process can be considered as a
quasi static, kinematically induces process 8. It means that dynamic effects, by dropping accelerations
terms can be neglected. This is ...
Keywords: excavation, optimization, control
B. Khoshnevis, G. Bekey
Pages 489-495
Abstract: Although automation has advanced in manufacturing, the growth of
automation in construction has been slow. Conventional methods of manufacturing
automation do not lend themselves to construction of large structures with internal
features. This may explain the slow rate of growth in construction automation. Contour
Crafting (CC) is a recent layered fabrication technology that has ...
Keywords: Contour Crafting, housing construction, construction on other planets
J. McLaughlin, C. Haas, K. Liapi, S. Sreenivasan, S. Kwon
Pages 495-501
Abstract: State-of-the-art construction equipment control technology creates the
opportunity to implement automated and semi-automated object avoidance for improved
safety and efficiency during operation; however, methods for constructing models of local
objects or volumes in real-time are required. A practical, interactive method for doing so is
described here. The method: (1) exploits a human operator?s ability ...
Keywords: construction automation, workspace modeling, bounding box, convex hull,
obstacle avoidance, laser range finder
T. Bock, D. Parshin, R. Neudorf, A. Bulgakow
Pages 501-504
Abstract: Construction is of great interest for applying practical and theoretical results in the
field of robotics and computer technologies. The paper presents the composition and special
features of kinematics and dynamic models of construction robots, control algorithms
synthesis in terms of synergetic approach, planning of robot's movements based on computer
techniques. Recommendations on computer ...
Keywords: automated control system, construction, computer technologies, kinematics,
dynamic, model, robot.
L. Bernold, J. Lloyd, M. Vouk
Pages 505-510
Abstract: Considering the established needs for operator training in the construction
industry and vastly improved data communication using Internet2, the feasibility of an
effective Internet based training system for backhoe operators is increasing. This paper
presents ongoing work on a prototype system designed with the idea that eventually any
electronically controlled backhoe can be adapted ...
Keywords: training, skill assessment, information technology, motion control, construction equipment
R. Madhavan
Pages 511-518
Abstract: This paper describes the development of a
terrain-aided localization framework for autonomous land vehicles
operating at high speeds in unstructured, expansive and
harsh environments. The localization framework developed is
sufficiently generic to be used on a variety of other autonomous
land vehicles and is demonstrated by its implementation using
field data collected from two different trials ...
Keywords: Outdoor Localization, Map Building, Iterative
Closest Point, Extended Kalman Filter, Entropy, Scale Space
T. Bock, A. Bulgakow, D. Krapivin, S. Aleksyuk, S. Pritchin
Pages 519-522
Abstract: This paper deals with high precision directional boring of underground conduits,
including programmable curved trajectories for enclosed digging driving communications and
other purposes.
Keywords: underground channel, dynamic monitoring, driving communisations
L. Bernold, L. Venkatesan, S. Suvarna
Pages 525-530
Abstract: The demand for new buried utilities, such as gas, power and fiber-optic
communication lines is growing with new construction, re-construction, and the growth
of the communication infrastructure worldwide. Because the machinery for placing the
new utilities underground, such as backhoe excavators, trenchers, augers, drills, and
plows, don?t ?feel? when they are getting close to ...
Keywords: Buried utility detection, Electromagnetic Induction, Ground Penetrating
Radar, Sensor fusion
T. Shehab-Eldeen, O. Moselhi
Pages 531-536
Abstract: Rehabilitation of urban infrastructures has received considerable attention in
North America, creating a need for automation. Automating the rehabilitation process of
various infrastructure facilities is driven by the need for cost reduction, higher quality and
improved safety. This paper describes an automated system, AUTO-DETECT, recently
developed, for rehabilitation of sewer pipes. AUTO-DETECT automatically analyzes ...
Keywords: Automation; Sewer pipes; Inspection; Data management
T. Bock, S. Ashida
Pages 537-541
Abstract: For efficiency, construction managers take care of several job sites simultaneously. In
order to be omnipresent, we propose a notification of ubiquitous construction management.
Here we try to adopt the system, so named the Robotoid Manager, with;
· AR system with mobile computers
· Message board information system
· Multi schedule optimizing
· Progress monitoring and ...
Keywords: Ubiquitous management, AR (Augmented reality), Message board, Schedule
optimizing, Schedule modification, Embedded system, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
B. Akinci, F. Boukamp
Pages 543-548
Abstract: Frequent assessment of as-built conditions is necessary for active project control
during construction. Assessment of as-built conditions involves collecting accurate as-built
information and comparing the as-built information collected with given design and schedule
information. Currently, different technologies exist for collecting accurate and comprehensive
as-built information. The as-built information generated through these technologies is then
manually ...
Keywords: Industry Foundation Classes, integrated design and as-built models, construction
S. Fuller, Z. Ding, A. Sattineni
Pages 551-556
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the prospective applications of cuttingedge
technology like wearable computers in construction industry. The history,
current research, application areas and future trends of wearable computing are
investigated. The first-hand experience of the authors through a well-designed
field experiment is introduced in detail to show how the technologies actually
work. The field ...
Keywords: Construction, Palm PC, Punch List, Wearable Computers
K. Saidi, C. Haas, N. Balli
Pages 557-563
Abstract: Construction is an information intensive industry in which the accuracy and timeliness of information is
paramount. Construction projects can experience extensive delays or rework due to information that is unavailable,
inaccurate or simply outdated. Handheld computers (HHC) have the potential to solve some of these problems by
providing field workers with accurate, reliable ...
Keywords: field data, handheld computers, material tracking, punchlisting, quantity tracking
C. Burgy, J. Garrett
Pages 563-569
Abstract: The design of mobile and wearable computing
devices involves decisions about how the user
interacts with the hardware and software
composing the device. Since applications of, and
usage environments for, mobile and wearable
computers has varied greatly, it has been difficult
to build on previously collected design knowledge.
The Interaction Constraints Model described in
this paper offers an ...
Keywords: Design Constraints; Human-Computer Interaction;
Industrial Applications; Mobile Computers;
Wearable Computing
